A trademark is your brand's identity—its name, logo, slogan, or even a unique sound or colour that distinguishes your goods or services from others. The trademark registration process in India, governed by the Trade Marks Act, 1999, grants you exclusive legal rights to use that mark nationwide. Whether you are a startup in Kolkata or an established business, registering your trademark protects your brand from misuse, counterfeiting, and infringement. This guide walks through the complete process, fees, documents, and timeline for registering a trademark in India.
Under Section 2(1)(zb) of the Trade Marks Act, a trademark can include:
The mark must be distinctive, not deceptive, and not identical or similar to an existing registered trademark in the same class.
Trademarks are registered under specific classes of goods or services as per the Nice Classification, which contains 45 classes. For example:
Choosing the right class is crucial—a wrong class means your registration will not protect your actual business activity.
Before filing, conduct a trademark search on the IP India portal (ipindia.gov.in) to check if a similar mark is already registered. This avoids rejection and opposition later. A professional search by a lawyer adds value by identifying phonetic and visual similarities.
Gather the required documents and file the application using Form TM-A. The application can be filed online through the IP India portal. Our legal services include trademark filing and prosecution.
Submit the application with the prescribed fee. The government fee is ₹4,500 per class for individuals and startups, and ₹9,000 per class for companies and other entities. Professional fees are additional.
The registry assigns a Vienna Code if the mark contains figurative elements, based on the Vienna Agreement classification of figurative elements.
The trademark examiner reviews the application for compliance with the Act. If objections arise—on absolute grounds (Section 9) or relative grounds (Section 11)—an examination report is issued, and you must file a response within 30 days.
If the examiner finds no objection or your response overcomes the objection, the mark is published in the Trademark Journal. This opens a four-month window for third parties to oppose the registration.
If a third party files an opposition, both sides submit evidence and arguments. The registrar hears both parties and decides whether the mark can proceed to registration.
If no opposition is filed, or if the opposition is dismissed, the trademark is registered and a registration certificate is issued. The registration is valid for 10 years and can be renewed indefinitely in 10-year blocks.
| Applicant Type | Government Fee (per class) |
|---|---|
| Individual / Startup / Small Enterprise | ₹4,500 |
| Company / Other Entity | ₹9,000 |
| Expedited examination (individual) | ₹9,000 |
| Expedited examination (company) | ₹18,000 |
Professional fees for drafting, filing, and responding to examination reports are additional and vary by advocate.
The process typically takes 18–24 months from filing to registration, assuming no opposition. With expedited examination, the timeline can be shortened to 6–9 months for the examination stage. Once registered, the ® symbol can be used; before registration, you can use ™ to indicate a pending application.
If another party uses a mark identical or deceptively similar to yours, you can file a suit for infringement in the District Court or High Court seeking an injunction, damages, or account of profits. For broader brand protection, see our services. A legal notice is often the first step—use our legal notice service to warn infringers.
Trademark registration is an investment in your brand's future. At Vidhi Legal Services, we handle trademark search, filing, examination responses, opposition, and infringement suits for businesses across Kolkata and India. For more legal guides, visit our blog. Contact us today to register your trademark and secure your brand identity.